- foorex2day

More on Comex producer/merchant long position

<div style="text-align: justify;">Further to my <a href="http://goldchat.blogspot.com.au/2013/12/producermerchant-net-long-is-not.html">Dec 6th post</a>, Gene <a href="http://www.gotgoldreport.com/2013/12/suchecki-producermerchant-net-long-is-not-necessarily-bullish.html">reposted</a> it on his site and it drew a number of comments there as well as at on my post. Some additional commentary on those questions below.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">One point was about the impact of miners. However the GFMS hedge book analysis has had miners slowly dehedging over time and has pretty much stopped, so that I don't consider a driver behind the position.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">There were a lot of comments about demand in Asia and other places worldwide, however I was discussing Comex producer/merchants. It may come as a shock to Americans, but Comex is not the centre of the gold world. There is a lot of OTC hedging going on as well. So my assumption was that most of the Comex producer/merchant category is US/Western refiners/fabricators/distributors. Therefore, given the point about miners, understanding producer/merchant category is about understanding the downstream value adding process.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">There was also some comments about how <i>"if demand has dried up, the inventory should be up, not down, because demand normally drops much faster than production. Only when the producers manage to close down their mines will the inventory then drop but this usually takes a long time [so] inventory accumulating in the producer. So for the entire group of producers/merchants, if demand has dried up, the inventory should be up not down."</i></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Firstly, producers/miners do not stockpile gold, they sell it as soon as they get it - they have tight margin and need cashflow. Downstream fabrication businesses also do not have the financial resources/funding to stockpile large amounts of gold in anticipation of demand (apart from the bullion banks themselves) hence they only hold what they need to support current sales.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">All the gold produced is sold to investors one way or the other. The refineries are set up to produce 99.5% 400oz bars in bulk and cheaply. They process and clear this into the market efficiently where it ends up sitting in vaults owned by some investor - the industry itself does not sit on gold waiting for buyers, because there is always a buyer at the spot price.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">There is a base amount of working inventory needed to support this "core" process. It is when you start value adding to that gold, refining it to 99.99%, casting it into smaller bars, or making blanks and then minting, that the industry's working inventory needs increase, because it is taking longer to transform the gold.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Hence when demand rises in these value added areas the "merchant" inventory and hedging needs will increase. When the demand reduces, the inventory reduces down to the base needed to support only 400oz bar manufacture.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Now this explanation is not meant as the sole reason why the producer/merchant category has went long. While the Perth Mint does not speculate on price, maybe it is common for other "merchants" to do so, although if that was the case, then why was the short position relatively stable during 2009-2010-2011 while a bull run was in place?</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">My point is that I think in the case of little producer hedging, merchant inventory needs (or lack thereof) would be a base macro trend/driver for the short position of this Comex category.</div>

Further to my Dec 6th post , Gene reposted it on his site and it drew a number of comments there as well as at on my post. Some additional ...

A metallic standard to save the economy and one central bankers will accept

Forget the gold standard people, central banks are never going to go for that. However a UK professor has unwittingly identified a metallic standard a central banker can live with - from this <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-25255957">BBC article</a> on why humans have always tended to choose gold as currency:<br /><br /><i>"Take iron. In theory it looks quite a good prospect for currency. It is attractive and polishes up to a lovely sheen. The problem is rust: unless you keep it completely dry it is liable to corrode away. 'A self-debasing currency is clearly not a good idea,' says [professor] Sella."</i><br /><br />Not a good idea? Hasn't he heard of inflation targets - debasement is the stated policy of central banks. So forget this talk of a Gold Standard, an Iron Standard is what we need.<br /><br />One great advantage of an Iron Standard is that everyone has some rusted piece of metal lying around, so it would be a form of QE/monetisation for the common people. Everyone will be instantly wealthy, that has got to get everyone's animal spirits going and turn the economy around. Every country also has iron, so it should get worldwide support. China's got a lot of it, just knock down those empty apartments.<br /><br />It will also market well with the public - iron is "strong" - and I'm sure Obama's political advisers will see the spin/MOPE benefits of the following announcement:<br /><br /><i>"An indispensable element in building a new prosperity is closely related to creating new jobs. We must protect the position of the American dollar as a pillar of monetary stability around the world.<br /><br />Accordingly, I have directed the Treasury Secretary to sell all of America's gold reserves, which is a soft, ductile and wimpy metal, and institute convertibility of the dollar into strong Iron, in amounts and conditions determined to be in the interest of monetary stability and in the best interests of the United States.<br /><br />Now, what is this action — which is very technical — what does it mean for you?<br /><br />Let me say that this new Iron Standard will make all Americans, who buy American-made products in America, wealthier and your dollar will be worth just as much tomorrow as it is today. The effect of this action, in other words, will be to strongize the dollar."</i><br /><br />To sex it up a bit, politicians might also want to consider Izabella Kaminska's <a href="http://ftalphaville.ft.com/2013/02/18/1383972/why-central-banks-should-take-charge-of-their-digital-currencies/">idea</a> of central banks issuing their own digital crypto currencies. Iron is heavy to carry around, so do away with physical coins and notes and issue BitIron instead. <br /><br />Finally, an Iron Standard will encourage a lot of recycling, which is a Good Thing. It will also probably result in people scrapping perfectly good goods to monetise the iron in them - economists will love that as it is similar to Keynes' idea of filling old bottles with banknotes, burying them, and having people digging them up.<br /><br />There is one potential problem with an Iron Standard, being that iron's debasement rate, or rustment rate, is constant and thus out of control of the central bankers. However I think an Iron Standard is a fair compromise between the hard money advocates and meddling central bankers who think they alone know what the one right interest/inflation rate is for a massively dynamic and complex economy. Come on guys, compromise. Central bankers - give up your omniscient delusions and omnipotency. Hard Money - give up your rigid money stock, a little rustment will discourage hoarding and encourage people to spend spend spend, and what could be wrong with that?

Forget the gold standard people, central banks are never going to go for that. However a UK professor has unwittingly identified a metallic ...

Tight physical supply

Readers have asked me to comment on Koos Jansen's <a href="http://www.ingoldwetrust.ch/alex-stanczyk-physical-supply-never-been-tighter">report</a> of tight physical supply. There are a few interesting observations made in the article I have some comments on.<br /><br /><b>1. <i>"sometimes when they get gold in, it’s coming from the back corners of the vaults. He knew this because these were good delivery bars marked in the sixties"</i></b><br /><br />This is not unheard of. In June 2006 the LBMA <a href="http://www.lbma.org.uk/assets/lbma_deepstoragebars2006.pdf">issued a note</a> saying that <i>"in the past year, an increasing number of gold and silver bars have been re-appearing in the market after having been held for many years in vaults (whether in London or elsewhere) ... some of these “deep storage” bars may no longer be regarded as acceptable, either because of physical defects or poor marking."</i> They followed this up in Oct 2007 with another <a href="http://www.lbma.org.uk/assets/lbma_gd_goldbars_status2007.pdf">clarifying note</a>.<br /><br />Unfortunately, Warren James has not had time to develop an aging analysis of the bars in the ETFs from his <a href="http://screwtapefiles.blogspot.com.au/p/bullion-bars-database.html">bars database</a>, and the age of those being redeemed, which would provide additional information on how far down the barrel the scraping is happening.<br /><br />Given the first reports of deep storage bars come from 2006, it is not surprising that "sometimes" refiners see old bars. If they had said they "often" or "frequently" got old bars, then that would be a lot more interesting.<br /><br /><b>2. <i>"there have been several times this year on which they were unable to source gold, this shocked me. They’re bringing in good delivery bars, scrap and dore from the mines, basically all they can get their hands on. This gentleman has been in the business for 37 years, he was there during the last bull market in the late seventies. I asked him when was the last time this has happened, that he was unable to source gold, he said never"</i></b><br /><br />All I can say is that the Perth Mint hasn't heard of any problems sourcing 400oz bars out of the bullion banks ex-London at this time, so I'm not sure what to make of it. The quote is third hand, I wonder if "unable to source" was meant as "unable to source at par" but that subtlety was missed. I <a href="http://goldchat.blogspot.com.au/2013/05/not-much-of-case.html">reported</a> in May that 99.99% 400oz bars were attracting a premium, maybe it meant 99.5% bars are getting a premium now? The wording however seems clear about outright inability to source.<br /><br /><b>3. <i>"They put on three shifts, they’re working 24 hours a day, and originally he thought that would wind down at some point. Well, they’ve been doing it all year. Every time he thinks its going to slow down, he gets more orders, more orders, more orders. They have expanded the plant to where it almost doubles their capacity. 70 % of their kilobar fabrication is going to China, at apace of 10 tons a week. That’s from one refinery, now remember there are 4 of these"</i></b><br /><br />Perth Mint is seeing good demand for kilo bars from China, but nothing like the premiums we saw earlier this year. We refine around 5-6 tonnes a week, so those numbers accord with what we are doing.<br /><br /><b>4. <i>"in China there are 6 LBMA refineries but he has never seen a Chinese gold bar, they’re keeping it all"</i></b><br /><br />Warren confirmed this when <a href="http://screwtapefiles.blogspot.com.au/2012/10/database-confirms-max-keiser-guest.html">investigating</a> Dominic Frisby's statement from HSBC about it, and in this <a href="http://screwtapefiles.blogspot.com.au/2012/11/chasing-chinese-bars.html">follow up</a>. Of all the ETF bar lists that Warren downloads he hasn't see one Chinese gold bar yet. No doubt no newly mined gold is getting out of China.<br /><br /><b>5. <i>"What I do know is that we are on the threshold of a situation that has never occurred before. A squeeze is imminent, it could take 3 months or 6 months, but all I know is that it’s coming, and I know that with 100 % certainty."</i></b><br /><br />I've seen a lot of 100% certainty that the fractional bullion banking system is about to blow up, starting in 2008 from the financial crisis. What I watch for is bullion banks desperately bidding on our refining output, as I said in <a href="http://goldchat.blogspot.com.au/2013/07/norcini-gold-is-not-in-backwardation.html" target="_blank">this post</a> or <i>"just watch Bullion Vault and Gold Money - which are backed by 400oz bars and which deal in that market every day - for reports of difficultlies in getting 400oz bars and restrictions on how much gold can be bought, and/or if they start to add on a "special" premium to their spot price."</i> I'm not seeing that desperation by bullion banks, nor premiums from Bullion Vault or Gold Money on 400oz bars, so at this stage no confirmation.

Readers have asked me to comment on Koos Jansen's report of tight physical supply. There are a few interesting observations made in the...

Producer/Merchant net long is not necessarily bullish

<div style="text-align: justify;">Gene Arensberg has a <a href="http://www.gotgoldreport.com/2013/12/rare-signal-producer-merchants-net-long-gold-futures.html">good post</a> up on the rare occurrence of COMEX Producer/Merchants category going net long. He sees it as a bullish sign but I would suggest another interpretation which could be more ambivalent.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Gene notes that the producer/merchant <i>"class of traders is dominated by actors who are hedging price risk of their own physical or financial exposure to precious metal, so they are usually more short than long futures"</i> and that it includes <i>"producers and miners, refiners, large jewelers, large bullion merchants"</i>. He also observes that for most of the time this group runs at around 160,000 contracts (circa 500 tonnes) short (see the chart below from Gene's site).</div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWv8zaWOEAD9OwUmF9muEDjW_2Ap9HPlpwiNytRxDDr5Q-eGU0vQd4d2Xz0OqOSGvjKqYMmp3ZdSVtXGVk0_FoBXUzm9Xl4hoV_YdnoDOWpjhm8_i-qw-fAFqRTH2elhw8QV97GNvi1Kw9/s1600/gene1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWv8zaWOEAD9OwUmF9muEDjW_2Ap9HPlpwiNytRxDDr5Q-eGU0vQd4d2Xz0OqOSGvjKqYMmp3ZdSVtXGVk0_FoBXUzm9Xl4hoV_YdnoDOWpjhm8_i-qw-fAFqRTH2elhw8QV97GNvi1Kw9/s1600/gene1.png" /></a></div><br />Now the interesting this about this is that this group stays pretty much consistently short right through a huge bull run in gold, in pink. Don't you think that is unusual? As the losses mounted, wouldn't they have lightened up? How to account for this behaviour logically?<br /><br />The key is, as Gene says, that they are hedging their own physical. All of the types mentioned -  miners, refiners, jewellers and bullion dealers - have a lot of gold in the working inventories of their businesses. They own this metal (are long) and thus go short to hedge themselves. Their business is about buying gold and transforming it into another more valuable product and then selling it. They are not interested in making money on the gold price itself.<br /><br />Indeed, if they weren't hedged then as a group holding around 16 million ounces they would have lost around $11 billion dollars in the drop from $1900 to $1200. I'm pretty sure you'll agree that they are unlikely to be making so much profit making coins/jewellery or as coin dealers to wear that sort of loss.<br /><br />So that is why we see a stable short position for this group, with smaller ups and downs as their sales and inventory fluctuate in response to changes in demand. If demand surges, then their inventory gets run down and they would take short hedges off and the short position would reduce. As they restock inventory, the short position should increase.<br /><br />We now have a basis on which to explain the 2008/2009 and 2013 divergences from the long run average of 160,000 contracts short.<br /><br />My explanation for the reduction in shorts from 160,000 to 27,000 in late 2008 is that the financial crisis caused an <a href="http://goldchat.blogspot.com.au/2008/08/fud-fear-uncertainty-doubt.html" target="_blank">unprecedented</a> surge in retail demand for gold. The industry was not geared up for that sort of volume so inventories were run down, resulting in a <a href="http://www.sharelynx.com/gold/CoinPremiums.php" target="_blank">coin premiums surging</a>. As the industry geared up and put on extra shifts etc the producer/merchants were able to restock and hence we see their short position increase again.<br /><br />Continuing with this inventory based analysis, it suggests the interpretation for the 2013 reduction in short positions to 6,000 long is that the industry is running down its inventory. In 2008/09 the inventory run down was due to a demand surge, but was only temporary. In 2013 the run down has persisted. An explanation for that is that demand and business has dried up - if you aren't selling as much product then you don't need to hold, and can't justify holding, as much working inventory as you used to.<br /><br />Consider that during 2006/2007 the producer/merchant short position hovered between 50,000 and 100,000 contracts (see <a href="http://www.sharelynx.com/gold/cots/ddfcotgc.php" target="_blank">this chart</a>, which goes back a bit further than Gene's). The 160,000 average that Gene mentions is from 2009-2010-2011, which is the bull run in gold. An interpretation is that the extra demand during that bull run resulted in the industry needing to run higher inventories, so we see another 60,000+ shorts being added. With the $1900 bust, maybe the industry as a whole got stuck with higher than normal inventories so worked them down to their average of 75,000.<br /><br />What is interesting is that the rapid reduction from 75,000 short to 6,000 long started after the April 2013 price smash. That event certainly knocked sentiment from the market in the West. It resulted in cash for gold scrap business drying up (therefore less metal tied up in inventories by dealers and scrap merchants) and if you look at <a href="http://www.sharelynx.com/gold/USMintCoins.php" target="_blank">US Mint gold coin sales</a>, they drop right off from that point as well, so again coin dealers etc have reduced inventory needs.<br /><br />To further back up this analysis, consider that <a href="http://www.sharelynx.com/gold/USMintCoins.php" target="_blank">US Mint silver coin sales</a> have not reduced like gold and coincidentally the <a href="http://www.sharelynx.com/gold/cots/ddfcotsi.php" target="_blank">silver producer/merchant</a> short silver position shows no reduction like gold as the silver market is still strong.<br /><br />So I'd argue that the producer/merchant position is just reflecting the lack of Western interest in physical gold investment (as also demonstrated in gold ETF reductions) rather than them <em>"believe[ing] the path of least resistance is higher for gold."</em> Having said that, I wouldn't say it is necessarily bearish, as Gene is right in that it is a rare signal so could indicate a turning point. I just don't see it as a slam dunk bullish sign either, as this lack of interest in gold is likely to continue until people realise that, no, the economy isn't on the mend and the problems fixed. Until that mainstream narrative changes, we could see speculators testing the gold market to the downside.<br /><br />Note: I have linked to a number of Nick's Sharelynx charts in this post. Just sign up for the <a href="http://www.sharelynx.com/trial.php" target="_blank">free trial</a> to get access to them, they are invaluable to understanding what is going on in the market, as hopefully this post demonstrates.<br /><div align="justify"></div>

Gene Arensberg has a good post up on the rare occurrence of COMEX Producer/Merchants category going net long. He sees it as a bullish sign ...

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Gresham’s Law, Suicidal Strategies and Pure Speculation on China

<div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Gresham’s Law for Interest Rates</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Lars Schall has an <a href="http://www.larsschall.com/2013/12/03/gold-as-part-of-greshams-law-for-interest-rates/">interview</a> with Dr. Tom Fischer covering the ground in his <a href="http://www.statistik-mathematik.uni-wuerzburg.de/fileadmin/10040800/user_upload/Fischer/Faux_Gold_Arbitrage.pdf">Faux Gold Arbitrage</a> article. The Q&A format forces Tom to compress his ideas down into short paragraphs and the interview is worth a read IMO. One quote:</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><i>"Gold is not just another commodity. It historically has the role of a world currency that cannot be inflated into oblivion. It is a financial safe haven. However, for currencies like gold, the Dollar or the Euro, contango or backwardation follows from a difference in their interest rates. For instance, because of that interest rate differential, usually either the dollar is in contango towards the Euro and at the same time the Euro in backwardation to the Dollar, or vice versa. Now replace the word “Euro” by “gold” and you get the picture. So, gold is in backwardation when its interest rate, which is also called the “gold lease rate”, is higher than that of the Dollar. The question is now: why should the interest rate of gold be higher than that of the Dollar? In my opinion, the answer is obvious: gold is the much better currency, so, you should have to pay up to get a loan in it. I would call this a version of Gresham’s Law for interest rates."</i></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">From this interest rates perspective, futures markets for currencies like gold are effectively lending (for a backwardation or decarry trade) or borrowing (for a contango or carry trade) trades. See this <a href="http://goldchat.blogspot.com.au/2013/09/faux-gold-arbitrage.html">blog post</a> for more detail.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Suicidal Strategies</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">James Turk has an <a href="http://kingworldnews.com/kingworldnews/KWN_DailyWeb/Entries/2013/12/2_Metals_War_Rages_%26_Todays_Plunge_In_Gold_%26_Silver.html" target="_blank">interview</a> with KWN where he asserts that <em>"the attempt to shake out physical metal by driving the price lower is a suicidal strategy"</em> as it <em>"increases the demand for physical metal more than the weight of metal sold on to the market."</em></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Now I agree with his statement that the bullion banks may well be hedged so they don't have any exposure to gold prices and that their real risk is more likely physical liquidity maturity mismatches. James notes that <em>"we don’t know the size of the fraction of available metal backing delivery obligations"</em> but sees the episodes of backwardation and drawdowns on <em>"visible inventories of the ETFs and on the Comex"</em> as evidence of their liquidity risk.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">I would take exception to the quality of this evidence. Note the use of the word "visible". As I noted in this <a href="http://goldchat.blogspot.com.au/2009/08/gold-etf-league-table.html" target="_blank">blog post</a> years ago, the ETFs and COMEX are a minor part of the total investment stocks. We have <a href="http://in.reuters.com/article/2013/11/20/china-gold-imports-idINL4N0J410Y20131120" target="_blank">evidence</a> in terms of UK to Swiss to HK import/export figures that part of the visible inventory reduction is going to Asia, but we don't know where the massive amount of invisible inventory is going, if anywhere. If it is staying in London or other western warehouses, then we have to consider the possibility that there is sufficient physical liqudity for the bullion banks.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">In any case, even if the above analysis is incorrect and these attempts to shake out physical are not working, don't you think the bullion banks know this? I mean, bullion banks have <a href="http://goldchat.blogspot.com.au/2011/05/we-are-flies-in-bullion-bank-web.html" target="_blank">extensive webs</a> into all aspects of the gold market so would they not be the first to see the impacts of their strategies? In that case why would they persist with it when it threatens their existence? I can see some validity in the shake out theory regarding April's price smash, but given the Asian response, I can't see validity of the theory that the bullion banks are suicidally repeating this strategy. If they were that stupid they wouldn't have survived as long as they have.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Pure Speculation on China</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Nice to see gold making the mainstream papers in Australia in a positive way with <a href="http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/opinion/golden-lining-for-yuan-as-china-stocks-up-on-price-slump/story-fnciihm9-1226772537609">this quote</a> sent to me by a reader (you'll need a subscription to read the whole article):</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><i>"So here's the latest Pure Speculation gold theory: there will be no gold surplus in 2014 (as there never has been, unlike with most metals), China will keep taking advantage of the subdued price to buy both metal and the foreign mines that produce it, and one day, probably too late, Western investors will wake up to the fact that China controls so much of the world's gold and is using it to back the yuan as a reserve currency."</i></div>

Gresham’s Law for Interest Rates Lars Schall has an interview with Dr. Tom Fischer covering the ground in his Faux Gold Arbitrage article....

Central banker pop quiz on gold

<strong>Q1.</strong> If you say <a href="http://www.mineweb.com/mineweb/content/en//mineweb-gold-news?oid=218307&sn=Detail">that</a>  gold <i>"is an asset that people want to hold when they’re very fearful about potential financial market catastrophe or economic troubles"</i> or <a href="http://blogs.wsj.com/economics/2013/07/18/bernanke-nobody-really-understands-gold-prices/">that</a> gold is an <em>"asset that people hold as a sort of disaster insurance"</em> and someone points out that you hold around 70% of your reserves in gold, you should:<br /><br />A. say that you are not fearful at all <a href="http://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/testimony/yellen20131114a.htm">because</a> <em>"under the wise and skillful leadership of Chairman Bernanke, the Fed helped stabilize the financial system, arrest the steep fall in the economy, and restart growth."</em><br /><br />B. say "does 70% allocation to gold sound like I think everything is peachy pie, you moron?"<br /><br />C. just say <a href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-112hhrg67941/html/CHRG-112hhrg67941.htm">that</a> <em>"it is tradition, a long-term tradition"</em> to hold gold as <em>"a form of reserves"</em> and tell them to keep calm and carry on doing what you say and not what you do.<br /><br />D. Note the person's name and forward it to the NSA.<br /><br /><strong>Q2.</strong> If you say <a href="http://blogs.wsj.com/economics/2013/07/18/bernanke-nobody-really-understands-gold-prices/">that</a> <em>"nobody really understands gold prices and I don’t pretend to understand them either"</em> or <a href="http://www.mineweb.com/mineweb/content/en//mineweb-gold-news?oid=218307&sn=Detail">that</a> you <em>"don’t think anybody has a very good model of what makes gold prices go up or down"</em> and someone points out that it isn't very smart to invest 70% of your reserves in an asset you don't understand, you should:<br /><br />A. say that when you <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/09/07/priceless-how-the-federal_n_278805.html">have</a> <i>"a lock on the economics world"</i> and don't allow <i>"room for other views"</i>, you don't need to understand anything nor does it matter if you get it wrong.<br /><br />B. say "that was just to scare people off investing in gold, because do you really think we don't understand gold when we employ <a href="http://www.federalreserve.gov/econresdata/theeconomists.htm" target="_blank">over 300</a> Ph.D. economists and have written hundreds of papers on gold, you moron?"<br /><br />C. just say <a href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-112hhrg67941/html/CHRG-112hhrg67941.htm">that</a> <em>"it is tradition, a long-term tradition"</em> to hold gold as <em>"a form of reserves"</em> and tell them to keep calm and carry on doing what you say and not what you do.<br /><br />D. Note the person's name and forward it to the NSA.<br /><br />Answer key: anything exept B.<br /><br />

Q1. If you say that gold "is an asset that people want to hold when they’re very fearful about potential financial market catastroph...